Beach Home Pros And Cons - 726 Words

I visited Shea Homes in South west San Diego near the City of Imperial Beach Imperial and spoke to a sales agent named David. The development has 174 homes to be released over two years in 15 Phases. Averaging 10 to 15 every month and a half to two months. This development sells two brands housing. One brand is called Sea Glass and the other is Blue Strand. Sea Glass the cheaper of the two with 3 to 4 bedrooms and 2.5 to 3 bathrooms and the area range from 1660 to 1999 square feet with three styles Santa Barbara, Spanish, and Craftsman. 2 car garage. No driveways. The starting price without the upgrades $420,000 to $460,000 Blue Strand is the more luxurious of the two communities. It offers 4-5 bedrooms and 3 to 5 baths and the area range†¦show more content†¦The targeted demographic for these developments are mid-sized family with median income. At all the phase release all the homes get sold because they are priced relatively cheaper for the quality. The price per soft rages from $214 to $254 the average price per soft is close to $350. This area is likely to continue to develop, but at a slow rate since it is mostly built. Future price could continue to increase due to the demand for housing. The issue of polluted beach if it continues to be unresolved could lower or maintain the value these properties. To value this development is using the market sales comparison approach method and adding additional value for new construction then adjusting negatively for the crowded or lack of privacy and tight parking situation. NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTION These communities are located in the city of San Diego in the Southern portion of San Diego County. The immediate area consists mostly of average to good quality, tract built homes with a small mix of multi-family dwellings and condominiums. Schools, shopping, public private facilities are all located nearby. Freeway access is adequate. The subject communitys value opinion estimate exceeds the predominant neighborhood value due mostly to its gross living area and age. The communities are considered an over-improvement for this neighborhood due to the existence of an adequate demand for homes of this size and in the price range. No adverse conditions wereShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. And Gandhi1132 Words   |  5 Pagesnonviolence are Martin Luther King Jr. and Mohandas K. Gandhi. While there are many pros to nonviolence, there are just as many cons. Somehow these two people managed to impact millions of people’s lives and still continue to do so today. Through all o f the negativity and discrimination these two people became leaders in our society’s eyes and still remain as role models in our society now. There are always pros and cons to being a leader to millions, but Martin Luther King Jr. and Gandhi’s â€Å"non-traditional†Read MoreGraduation Speech : College Students974 Words   |  4 PagesCollege students have two choices when it comes to spring break, either go home or to go on a wild vacation with their friends. I recently had to make a similar choice between going to Destin, Florida, which includes partying with my friends or going home to Chicago, Illinois to rest. In order to make a decision it was best to compare and contrast my two choices. There are few things in common that both options offered. Brinda Patel of The List offers a few of these. First, I will not be in classRead MoreOnline Education1381 Words   |  6 Pagesabout online educating because there are so many pros and cons to the issue. Mary Kassop, author of Ten Ways Online Education Matches, or Surpasses, Face-to-Face Learning, writes, Can students learn as much and as well online as they do in F2F courses? 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The best way to accomplish this goal is to introduce a uniform policy to public schools. In 1994, the first uniforms were required in the schools of Long Beach, California; since then, other public schools have followed in their footsteps, also adopting uniform policies (Chen). The president of the Long Beach School District gave his comments on the effectiveness of uniforms, saying, â€Å"These schools are becoming educational workplaces. Students arrive dressed for success, ready toRead MoreDress Code in High School Essay568 Words   |  3 PagesThe way teens dress has become a daily argument in homes and schools. Many issues have gone all the way US Supreme Court. More than half of the country’s schools have some form of dress code, but there is no gold standard of what to wear in high school. Its a controversy over constitutional rights, gender, and politics. The pros and cons of dress code in schools have many people on the fence of whether or not to agree. Safety, discipline, and bullying are big reasons for dress codes in highRead MoreDebate on School Uniforms1191 Words   |  5 Pageswere from middle schools. In Long Beach, officials found that the year after their mandatory program with parental opt-out was implemented, overall school crime decreased by 36%. In Seattle, Washington, which has a mandatory policy with an opt-out saw a decrease in truancy and tardies. PRO 1 School uniforms would save parents money. PRO 2 School uniforms would save parents time. Kids in the morning would not have to make up their minds on what to wear. PRO 3 Kids whos parents would not orRead MoreComparisons of Different Famous Diets1760 Words   |  8 Pagesis that participants eat prepackaged, premeasured, and processed meals which are delivered to the participant’s home. Counselors are available in order to assist with long-term goals and teach participants to avoid emotional eating. There is some flexibility in allowing participants to eat out, or to enjoy the occasional snack as well (health and wellness,2014). Pros/advantages and Cons/disadvantages According to nutritionists who reviewed several top diets, as noted in the US News and WorldRead MoreLife is a Highway1064 Words   |  5 Pagestravelers’ difficulty in making an important decision, his chosen path, and ultimate outcome. Four years ago, I was living in Ft. Myers, Florida. I too, stood at a crossroads. I was 43 years old, my career was in the toilet, and I was fighting to keep my home. Having lived in Ft. Myers for twenty years, I was faced with the decision of whether or not to stay in the name of familiarity, or to move on for the sake of my family. It was a decision that could completely change my life. The beginningRead MorePre Pregnancy Test, Trojan Bareskin Condom Clear Blue Easy Digital Pregnant Test976 Words   |  4 Pagesthree places. From where I stay, even though it is not too far from my home, but it is not a walking distance, for someone who don’t have a car will be it will be difficult for them to get to any drug store to pick up them items. Monday morning June 6, 2016 at 2PM I visited more than two pharmacy stores and the name of the stores that I visited where Walgreen in 705 N Pebble Beach Blvd, Sun City Center, FL 33573, CVS105 S Pebble Beach Blvd, Sun City Center, FL 33573 and the last store where the Walmart

The Disney-Pixar Merger Essay - 2468 Words

Table of Contents Disney – Pixar Merger 3 Introduction 3 Aggressive cost cutting 3 Co-production agreement 4 The Financials 5 The Investment decision 5 How had this merger worked in the long run 7 Advantages 8 Disadvantages 8 Bibliography 10 Appendix 11 Exhibit 1 11 Exhibit 2 12 Exhibit 2a 13 Exhibit 3 14 Exhibit 4 4a 15 Exhibit 8 16 Exhibit 9 17 Exhibit 11 18 Disney – Pixar Merger Introduction The Walt Disney Company was established by the brothers Walt and Roy Disney on October 16th 1923 and is one of biggest entertainment and media’s company’s throughout the world. It is the largest of a number of television networks such as the American Broadcasting company together with 7 theme parks. Also in the 1930’s, Disney started to†¦show more content†¦Pixar’s contribution represented 10% of revenue and over 60% of total operating income over the period. The dynamics of theatrical and financial success changed completely, and new revenue streams were generated by other sectors (see Exhibit 3). By 2005, a structural change in profits occurred with the largest revenue sources was home video and not the theatrical box office. As for Pixar, the company was established in 1979, originally as a graphics group to form part of the computer division of Lucas Film Limited by John Lasseter and George Lucas. In 1986, Steve Jobs - who had left Apple Computer the year before—bought the Lucas Film computer business for $10 million. Later Steve Jobs established it as an independent company co-founded with Dr. Edwin E. Catmull and renamed the company to Pixar. Although it would be worth knowing that initially, Jobs intended Pixar to be a computer hardware and software company (see Exhibits 4 and 4a). Nonetheless, as an American computer animation film company, Pixar became an award winning company, best known for its creation of a string of animated films. It’s most popular films include the likes of Toy Story, The Incredibles and Finding Nemo, amongst others. Also on a side note, the release of Toy Story on November 22, 1995 was the biggest impact on the future of film making industry. In fact in 1995, Toy Story was the film which generated the highest earnings ofShow MoreRelatedDisney : Disney And Pixar Merger1187 Words   |  5 PagesDisney and Pixar Merger The strategy that led to the merger of Disney and Pixar was a simply business deal with two companies that has been working with each other for years. Pixar initially began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, as a piece of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm. The gathering basically chipped away at PC equipment. Apple prime supporter Steve Jobs later obtained the company in 1986. The studio sought after its fantasy of making the first PC vivified full-length film. In 1995, PixarRead MoreWalt Disney-Pixar Merger2965 Words   |  12 PagesWalt Disney-Pixar Merger Brief Industry Analysis Because of the technology nowadays, one successful film can be distributed all over the world, which is in a form of motion pictures or DVD. Animation is one media that is spread all over the world; push it to be one of fastest growing industry. The demand for the animation is increasing from the emerging number of cables and satellite TV and the popularity of The Internet. In addition, in the past, the target market of the animation industryRead MoreMerger Between Walt Disney and Pixar1070 Words   |  5 Pagesresearching the information on Disney and Pixar, I came across some differences between Steve Jobs and Michael Eisner regarding how the two companies will work together. Going through the articles that I have read through they all show that Disney and Pixar has always been competing against each other on who can make the best animated motion picture. Here is a little history Disney has always been about producing animated features and live-action movies and as for Pixar they have always produced computer-animatedRead MoreAcquisition And Acquisition Of Aol / Warner And Disney / Pixar1206 Words   |  5 Pagestype of change (merger and acquisition) with different outcomes. Merger is combination of two or more companies in which the assets and liabilities of the selling firms are absorbed by the buying firm. Although the buying firm may be a considerably different organization after the merger, it retains its original identity while Acquisition is the purchase of an asset or an entire company (Sherman, A. J., Hart, M. A. (2005). Chapter 1: The Basics of Mergers and Acquisitions. In, Mergers AcquisitionsRead MoreMerger1346 Words   |  6 PagesMerger, Acquisition, and International Strategies Shonia L. Murphy Dr. Bennett Strayer University Bus 499 Introduction Any public limited company can grow through the process of either organic growth or internal growth or through the process of merger and acquisition. In the following pages two different public limited companies listed in the United States are taken. One of the animation companies has international exposure and a history of merger and acquisition and otherRead MoreMergers and Acquisition939 Words   |  4 Pageshave chosen to examine why Disney and Pixar merged as a company. A brief definition of an Acquisition and a merger will be given following with the difference between them. I will be discussing if these two companies were a success or a failure and why and which were their reasons behind this statement. A merger is a combination of two companies, which form a new firm, while an acquisition is the purchase of one company by another in which no new company is formed. Mergers and Acquisitions take placeRead MorePixar1465 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 7, 2013 Strategic Management 5301 Walt Disney-Pixar Analysis The Walt Disney-Pixar merger carries a number of convincing advantages for Disney, but Pixar shareholders should be less enthusiastic about such a deal. Pixar’s resources and capabilities have set a standard that is extremely difficult to imitate. Through its highly talented employee pool, culture of creativity and collaboration, and proprietary 3D computer animation software, Pixar has created a competitive advantage in the animationRead MoreWalt Disney Pixar Case Analysis1439 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 7, 2013 Strategic Management 5301 Walt Disney-Pixar Analysis The Walt Disney-Pixar merger carries a number of convincing advantages for Disney, but Pixar shareholders should be less enthusiastic about such a deal. Pixar’s resources and capabilities have set a standard that is extremely difficult to imitate. Through its highly talented employee pool, culture of creativity and collaboration, and proprietary 3D computer animation software, Pixar has created a competitive advantage in the animationRead MorePixar s Organizational Structure Of Pixar Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesPixar is a company that has ties to other major corporations in our American culture. Pixar Animation Studios started as a part of the Lucas film computer group, which is owned by George Lucas the creator of Star Wars. However, after receiving funding from Steve Jobs the division became its own corporation in 1986. After that Disney purchased Pixar, which allowed Steve Jobs to become a shareholder in Disney also. With these changes due to the ownership of the corporation an analysis of managerialRead MoreCapstone Assignment 41313 Words   |  6 Pagesthe strategy that led to the merger or acquisition to determine whether or not this merger or acquisition was a wise choice. Justify your opinion. The merger I choose to research was the acquisition of Pixar by Disney. The merger between Disney and Pixar was a very successful one. They worked together in the past and their contract was running out after the release of Cars. This was the perfect opportunity and sensible move for these two companies to merge. The merger would allow the companies to

Fried Green Tomatos free essay sample

Fried Green Tomatoes is a novel written by Fannie Flag and the setting is in the 1930’s. The novel, made national blockbuster by Jon Avnet, is a story of two women and the right to live and be free in a world where anything outside of â€Å"the norm† was hard for others to understand. Cited in the text of Women and Gender, a radical feminist Rebecca West (1913) said, â€Å"I myself have never been able to find out precisely what feminism is: I only know that people call me a feminist whenever I express sentiments that differentiate me from a doormat† (p. 6). This analysis paper will discuss the three views of feminism, radical, liberal, and cultural. Radical feminism is about domination and male control. According to Crawford and Unger, â€Å"Women as a group are oppressed, not by their biology or social class, but by men as a group† (p. 7). The film Fried Green Tomatoes fits in with radical feminism, for the abuse handed to Ruth from her husband seemed to be very brutal. Physical abuse is not the only form of abuse, for the verbal and overall controlling dominance is overbearing for anyone. â€Å"In other words, the power of men over women in society is expressed and acted out not only in sexual violence but also in male control of the very definition and meaning of sexuality (MacKinnon, 1994). Chapter 13 of the text Women and Gender explains the intimidation, criticism, threats, and humiliation of partner abuse. Radical feminism does not just speak of physical abuse, for mental abuse can be just as damning to a woman or man for that matter. In the movie, Ruth had a black eye at one point, was being carried up the stairs over her husband’s shoulder and pushed down the stairs of their home. That was a form of physical abuse. The scene where her husband comes in dressed in a KKK outfit, not only showed intimidation toward her about taking the baby, but against the caring black people that were family to Ruth. That was a form of intimidation and threats. According to Crawford and Unger, Liberal feminism is about equality between females and males. Chapter 6 of our Women and Gender text talks gender roles and the scripts ones follow for girls and boys. â€Å"Baby girls were dressed in pink, puffed sleeves, ruffles, and lace, whereas boys were dressed in blue or sometimes red, but nothing ruffled or pink (Shakin, Shakin, Sternglanz, (1985). The scene where Idgie is in her sister’s wedding at a young age is a very good example of a gender role. Idgie is ridiculed by an older sibling for being in a dress with a bow in her hair. Idgie is a tomboy little girl and this goes against the gender norm of a little girl. The mother tried so hard to tell her how pretty Idgie looked, but Idgie in the end was dressed in her â€Å"tomboy attire for the wedding†. Therefore instead of the cute little dress and the bow in Idgie’s hair, she had on a yellow/gold short suit. â€Å"Appropriate distinctions are very important if two genders are to be constructed. Gender-appropriate behaviors must be elicited from the infant and reinforced when they occur. Girls’ more delicate and restrictive attire can inhibit play and promote gender-stereotypic behavior. Kathy Bates played a lonely housewife, Evelyn Couch, trying to gain any kind of attention from her husband. Liberal feminism is about equality, but can it be equality of the same sex? One example in the movie is when Evelyn had her blinker for a parking place in a grocery store parking lot. These two ladies in a VW Bug wheeled in and took the spot and this infuriated Evelyn, especially when the lady said she was â€Å"younger and quicker. † Evelyn in the film was always being â€Å"run over† per say, from others that were younger than her. Being treated as an equal from opposite sex, same sex, younger, older, or people of other ethnicity can make one feel liberal. According to Crawford and Unger, â€Å"Cultural feminism emphasizes differences between women and men. This perspective stresses that qualities characteristic of women have been devalued and should be honored and respected in society† (p. 7). One belief is that women can be more nurturing than men. Ruth, for example, was a very nurturing character in Fried Green Tomatoes. Not only to her son but to all her admired her. Evelyn Couch, on the other hand, wanted to feel needed and valuable to her husband. Evelyn started attending a group therapy class for women on how to rekindle her marriage. The several ways in which to get her husband to notice her did not seem to work. The expectations of women from men are to be there to nurture when men are ready, stay home and make sure their needs are taken care of. In the text of Reading Women’s Lives, Judy Syfers (1972) I Want a Wife, is a very good example of cultural feminism. â€Å"I want a wife who will take care of my physical needs. I want a wife who will keep my house clean. A wife who will pick up after me. I want a wife who will keep my clothes clean, ironed, mended, replaced when need be, and who will see to it that my personal things are kept in their proper place so that I can find what I need the minute I need it. I want a wife that cooks the meals, a wife who is a good cook. (p. 36). † These are the types of events that took place when Evelyn was trying to get her husband to notice her, to feel valuable to him again. When Evelyn Couch stopped paying attention to her husband so much and focusing on herself and her needs, it is then that he realized what a pompous ass he had been. As we wrap this course up on Psychology of Women, I have learned so much on radical, cultural, and liberal feminism. For women not be beaten, ridiculed, or imitated by their male partner. Be able to be a liberal person. Be the person on the outside that you are on the inside without being judged by others in your life, job setting, church, or community. Most of all: Cultural Feminism. The feeling of being valuable to someone or for something is a wonderful feeling. Whether you are a man or a woman, we all want the same thing.

The Man in the High Castle Review Essay Example

The Man in the High Castle Review Paper Essay on The Man in the High Castle Write about Dicks books seriously first, because it is written, rewritten about him a lot, and for the most part is nonsense and obscurantism, and secondly, because these books to me personally are difficult to describe you need to read, to feel the . But, nevertheless, any Dick text deserves to be recommended, especially to fans of science fiction, and especially fans of all psevdofantasticheskoy cud domestic production roughly speaking, reduce a brain. Although through the demolition of the roof. The Man in the High Castle roofs are not blowing away, because it is written in the genre of alternative history, where not much to play with time and embedded reality that very often in other texts of the author. Dick comes from the fact that during world war II defeated Germany and Japan, and what came of it all over the world (in Russia a solid concentration camp in Africa killing all life) and, of course, in America . In addition to the rather slender logical and historical constructions, personally I am very interested pokazalis . S two points We will write a custom essay sample on The Man in the High Castle Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Man in the High Castle Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Man in the High Castle Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first what Dick wrote about the adaptability of people to the new order, totally for them (and this is evident from the novel) unnatural. But, nevertheless, they live, work, love The second -. This is what I would say, tricks, Dick novel ends. The idea is briefly as follows: in fact, the whole as described in the three hundred pages of the German-Japanese national-fascist nightmare with elements of unbridled capitalism and protracted forever Holocaust is unrealistic. And only exists in peoples minds. And in order to get to our normal branch of history, with a much more pleasant reality, it is enough just to believe and you say -. The Matrix. The novel, by the way, was written in 1962.

Fire Engineering Essay Example

Fire Engineering Essay Example Fire Engineering Essay Fire Engineering Essay Essay Topic: To Build a Fire Fire Engineering Name: Institution: Lecturer: : Course: Date: Fire Engineering 1. What do laws in your state indicate about false fire alarms and tampering with fire protection equipment? Cite the law. If anyone purposely breaks, molests or tampers with any private or public fire equipment, they will be considered guilty; for instance, tampering with fire alarms, fire extinguishers, emergency radios or phones. This includes attracting false attention to suggest fire accident. For example, shouting for help, sounding fire alarms or any other way of communication suggesting fire. However, this law does not prohibit testing of fire safety equipment like alarms. It should be strictly noted that only authorized persons are allowed to do those tests. The penalty for this offense is stated in Fire Safety Act 1988. A culprit will be guilty of a misdemeanor. He or she will be penalized according to the ruling of the court. In most cases, one is fined an amount not more than $1,000. Everyone is required to protect fire safety equipment and use only when necessary (National Fire Protection Association., Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 1988). 2. A factory has ceased to make metal parts for machines and is now being used to store plastic garbage cans (the type used outside). It is a sprinklered building. Is this acceptable? Why or why not? Cite the code. It is not acceptable to drastically change the function of a sprinklered building. The factory was previously dealing with metal, and now it is a store for plastic bags. The management is supposed to comply with requirements of having a plastic bags store. This includes installing the right equipment and fire safety equipment. There are also requirements for a sprinkler building. The management is required to adhere to them. This law is quoted in the provincial building codes Act (National Fire Protection Association., Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 1988). 3. Explain the requirements for use of charcoal grills at an apartment building. Cite the code. FC307.5 contains the requirements of charcoal in apartment buildings. No one will be allowed to light any sort of fire that will be unsafe. Open fires have an extremely high chance of spreading and causing fire accidents. As a result, there are strict measures when handling them. This includes charcoal grills or any open fire. Should charcoal grills be used, they should be away from balconies and decks of apartments. They should be not less than fifteen feet way from combustible structures and homes. Combustion of charcoal produces carbon monoxide, which is dangerous to human beings. This is one of the reasons why the charcoal grills, should be used far away from homes. This code only allows use of electricity stoves in the house. They must be inspected and listed by the relevant authority. However, homes of one and two families are excluded from this code (Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, 1997). .4. A house is used both for personal residence and to provide day care for seven children in the basement. What is the occupancy classification and what restrictions are made on the use? It is not wrong to have a day care combined with the personal residence. The building code section 308, 1-1 states that such a building should be large enough to hold up to sixteen people. It allows people to live together just in case there are others who depend on each other for help; for example, small children or disabled people. These people should be receiving help on a 24 hours basis. It is wrong to have a dare care facility at the basement of the house. Section 308, 1-4 states that there should be a separate building for looking after these children. This is an appropriate day care center. It is designed for less than 24 hour care or less. These children should be accommodated in the main house and not the basement. The basement is meant for utility space. For example, heaters, fuse boxes and parking lots. There is a separate section of building codes that talk about utility space and miscellaneous (Lataille, 2003). 5. You notice a property is vacant and has vegetation covering it- what actions are required to bring this structure in code compliance. Property management codes require all property to be free from rodents or any other infestation. Therefore, any vegetation around homes or other structures should be not more than six inches or 152.4 mm. If the property is vacant, the local authorities should look for the administrator. He or she should be informed about the status of the structure and the immediate measure to be taken. For example, he or she should organize how the compound should be cleaned. All the overgrown vegetation should be cut and disposed off. The environment should comply with the codes of property management. There is a penalty for violating codes of property management. Therefore, the administrator is likely to face the consequences of deserting his or her property (Lataille, 2003) 6. Under what conditions is the use of portable electrical connectors permitted. These kinds of equipment include laptops, CD players, DVD players, notepads, cell phones, iPads among others. People can only use them in areas where it is safe to use them. For instance, some of these devices interfere with signals of other equipment; for instance, cell phones are known to interfere with some hospital electronic equipment. During taking off or landing of airplanes, people are required to switch off any electronic equipment. However, it has not been confirmed that it is true phones interfere with aircraft operations. The Aviation department just takes a precaution measure to ensure maximum safety during the flight (Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, 1997). 7. What fire extinguishers are required in Educational Occupancies and what spacing is indicated? In addition, the local school board proposes placing fire extinguishers only in the offices, janitor’s closets and special purpose classrooms (labs and shops), what are your thoughts? Portable fire extinguishers should be used in all educational facilities. Portable fire extinguishers are easy and effective to use because of their mobility. In case a fire starts and there are no extinguisher on site, a person can easily rush for the nearest and use it to put out the fire. Every room should have a fire extinguisher. This will enhance efficiency of fighting fire in case of a fire accident. I think that the extinguishers should be placed in every possible place likely to catch fire. Installing in specific places may not help because fire may start at a place where there is no extinguisher. They should be available in all fire prone areas (National Fire Protection Association., Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 1988). Reference: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. (1997). Fire engineering. London: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. Lataille, J. I. (2003). Fire protection engineering in building design. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. National Fire Protection Association., Society of Fire Protection Engineers. (1988). SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering. Quincy, Mass: National Fire Protection Association.

Free sample - The UK airport expansion vs. climate concerns.. translation missing

The UK airport expansion vs. climate concerns.. The UK airport expansion vs. climate concerns.It’s supposedly hard to argue, that development comprises movement, ahead in particular. Movement, in its turn, presupposes making some steps in order to reach the targeted place of destination. Thus, these are interrelated notions. The process of development includes a number of adjacent efforts to keep the necessary pace and not slow down. Obviously, to achieve success it’s essential one have the objective, endeavors, resources and competitive stance. The latter is especially important since to win out your place in the sun appears to be not that simple after all. One is supposed to be ready to meet challenges on the way and be able to overcome hindrances with the least losses. Only by means of persistent continuous attempts can one withstand hardships and become stronger and wiser. This is true in regard not only to individual human progress, but also everything undergoing the stages of growth. In this tight connection it is fair to speak about the development of UK air transport system which has gone through, and still continues to, lots of changes, reconstructions and re-establishments. Presumably, there is no need to get deep insight into the whole history of airports evolvement though to encompass a few the most significant and prominent of them would help clear up the motives and driving power of their growth. London Heathrow deservedly serves one of such examples. The airport comprises international busy hub with the capacity to carry more than 68 mln passengers who use both long haul and short distance flights. Moreover, the airport makes its airfreights of over 1.3 mln cargo per annum. Still, not always has it demonstrated such efficiency. Its inception started in 1940s. 1946 saw the emergence of grass air field that was initially used by the military. First it was in private hands and as the Great Western Aerodrome it fulfilled more supplementary function rather than a full-fledged racecourse. After the end of war the airport began to expand and the area of its application was far more than just army base.   The demand for such expansion was stipulated by the necessity of big airport in London for passenger haulages to take place. The Heathrow site perfectly suited the idea and thus, there were constructed three runways by 1947. The initial tented terminal gave way to a full-blown building at the beginning of 1950s. The incentive for further more large-scale development had its grounds being the increasing surge of traffic and therefore the passenger turnover enlargement. Naturally, there arose need in extra conveniences and utilities to satisfy the growing flow of passengers. The expansion was represented by the Heathrow Airport Terminal 2 in 1955 and later a few other terminals in 1960s. Because there was considerable repletion in the centre of the airport another Terminal 4 appeared in the southern part in 1980s (Heathrow airport guide). Nowadays modern Heathrow airport has comfortable passenger access assisted by a number of adjoining roads – rails and automobile, and play s indispensible and economically convincing role in the overall UK air transport revenue. The expansion process further proceeds, however, it faces much opposition as well. Evidently, Heathrow is not the only one on the airport list. The second largest UK airport is Gatwick which is estimated to take the tenth place among the busiest international airports in the world. Its passenger capacity is difficult to overestimate – over 35 mln annually. Originally the aerodrome belonged to private owner Home Counties Aviation Services and has tremendously grown to include the terminal in 1936. There were skillfully built the subways and tented access roads for passengers to have easy and comparatively unhampered passage (History of London Heathrow Airport).   Like Heathrow Gatwick also served as the Royal Air Force base at the war time but later in 1953 it acquired the status of London second airport. In a few years Gatwick was significantly enlarged with new necessary equipment and facilities added to become the terminal. It embraced not only a large runway (2000 feet), but also included a covered passage connecting the plane with terminal.   1980s were marked by a more passenger surplus to be a million people. Needless to say, how important such increase was in terms of the role of the airport on the international scale. It has undergone further extension and in 1978 was already carrying transatlantic flights with long-distance aircrafts and upgraded terminal. The years of 1990s and 2007 saw staggering enhancement in passenger turnover of 10 and 35 million respectively. To satisfy ever-increasing demand the aspiration of further airport expansion becomes apparent, though such objective encounters severe protest on behalf of Green politics supporters and local residents (Gatwick airport guide). The excurse into the history of UK airport development may be continued and be added by the examples of Luton, Bristol, Stansted, Carlishe and other airports which demonstrate the need to cope with capacity and satisfy the growing demand with adequate offer. Up to a point, it is relevant to focus on today’s topical issues concerned with UK airport development. As it was previously mentioned, the expansion was driven by economic factors namely being the passenger surplus and international business relations tacked with constant airline usage. So, it is quite evident that these factors would induce air companies to keep with the time and sustain competitiveness and importance in a globalized arena. In 2003 the government issued Air Transport White Paper which introduced plans of further airport expansion – building of new runways with the aim to handle the increasing demand for air transportation. The governmental decision presupposes three additional runways at Stansted, one more at Heathrow, some extra tracks in Edinburgh and Glasgow and also expansions of Bristol (Airport technology.com. Bristol International Airport Expansion) and Birmingham. According to Transport Secretary, A. Darling, the number of passengers would increase and comprise twice as many as 180m p.a. to achieve 400m by 2020. The paper foresees three more runways at Stansted which would transform it into another significant airport centre along with Heathrow or make it assisting Heathrow supplement. A probable expansion of Luton and Cardiff airports were also envisaged. Regarding Gatwick, the extension process is supposed to last till 2019 which is conditioned by the existing agreement that bans expans ion actions (BBC News, 2002, 23 July).   However, the government paper didn’t get a unanimous reaction. On the one hand, the expansion is necessary on the grounds of economic benefits since the UK has as Mr. Darling put it â€Å"the fourth largest economy in the world based largely on our ability to trade. Something like a third of exports go by air ...† (BBC News, 2002). What is more, a number of the UK use airline users is persuasively stunning – half the whole population annually and about quarter twice p.a. In addition, the governmental plans are to a large extent consistent with the predictions of considerable traffic surplus by 2030, particularly in south-eastern part of the country which is distinguished by population overflow. Facts are stubborn thing, actually. Out of 200m annual airline passengers in the UK 120m get advantage of South East airports. Think only, the role of Heathrow!   It has irrefutable and undeniable economic significance counting nearly 100,000 staff and the aviation industry stands for approximately 200,000 work places. Not the least of the influential factors in favor of expansion is that London is an attractive sightseeing place for visitors from the whole world with its prominent and famous sights. London airports serve an undeniable role in business flights both long- and short-distanced (BBC News, 2005, Feb 18). Collin Matthews, BAA's chief executive, emphasizes and explains the necessity of airport expansion giving convincing arguments: â€Å"It is because of the lack of runway capacity at Heathrow that airlines are forced to choose between old destinations and new – or to go elsewhere entirely. Last month alone Leeds/Bradford and Durham Tees Valley airports both lost their links to Heathrow as airlines shuffled their slots, while Air India decided to base its European hub at Frankfurt† (guardian.co.uk., 2009, May 13). He also pointed out on no additional tracking slot to enable take-offs and landing which gives reason for airlines to shift from Heathrow to other alternative European airports. His claims turn out to be quite fair, especially those revealing the urgent need to expand since the contemporary tendency shows ever-inclining global policy towards Asian economies. Therefore, as Mr. Matthew accentuates, three must significant extensions be made in order to not to conce de to Frankfurt airport, for instance, which â€Å"has direct links with six Chinese cities† compared to London’s only Heathrow possible to carry out such transfers. Thus, it becomes clear why the expansion is so necessary – enlarge capacity not to lag behind. Such a thorny issue can’t but get a dual response and the opposition is also pertinent. Still, weighing pros and cons one can not deny the evident fact that under the mentioned circumstances expansion plans are justified to â€Å"keep UK competitive.† What is the basis for opposition then? A fair question that needs to shed light on. There is a sound ground for the adversary force – the astonishing impact on climate (Sean O'Grady. 2007, Aug. 15). However prudent economic reasons may be the airport expansion implications are inevitably concerned with green policy (Juliette Jowit, Economics, pollution, jobs and noise ... 2009, January 16). The numerous activists object to the plans on expansion. The protests underline severe damage the aviation inflicts on nature (Alok Jha, green technology correspondent. 2008, Nov 18). Thus, air and noise pollution are first obvious aftereffects (BBC News, QA: Airport expansion. 2005) For instance, Heathrow expansion will enlarge flight numbers entailing traffic jams on the roads to the airport, namely the M25 and the M4 highways in London. That is why BAA (the Heathrow owner) is obliged to establish emission-reducing systems in the aircrafts to comply with climate protection regulations. Strong and determined is the Airportwatch opposition called for to organize non-expansion movement. The organization representatives are those who virtually comprise environmentalists, among which are Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, Aviation Environment Federation, the Campaign for Better Transport, the Woodland Trust, the Campaign to Protect Rural England, the World Development Movement, Environmental Protection UK etc (Airportwatch, 2004). The opposition showed indignation since the government gets full advantage of its plans – there are no taxes on aviation fuel and what is more, the air sector is not included into the Kyoto protocol and the EU's carbon trading scheme (The Independent. 2007, August 15). Consequently, the Government’s airport development and expansion plans must be put into force taking into account environmental concerns, i.e. realization of the climate implications, thus being consistent with the aims of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions (Colin Brown, Almost half of population want green tax on air travel. 2007, August 15). Such a ruling was stated by the High Court indicating inappropriateness and crude character of the governmentally proposed plans. Moreover, the verdict also ruled that the 2003 White Paper "The Future of Air Transport" by no means complies with the 2008 Climate Change Act (WWF-UK, Update on Heathrow Legal Challenge). So, the White Paper needs proper reconsideration to enable new runway plans to incorporate economic and environmental aspects.

Discussion Question Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question Week 7 - Essay Example Leaders such as Adolf Hitler of Germany brought about many social changes in his society, so did partitioning of India in 1947.Man ,therefore, being a social being brings about social change to his society. The third means is economic factor. Thus the stratification of individuals in various classes shapes the society’s nature. Education is a key factor here and as people become socially conscious, making money, they positively influence their society and thus affect their lives including living standards, culture, languages and routine life. Fourth means that can change a society is industrialization that encompasses setting up of industrial parks and townships, trade unionism as well as urbanization. Industrialization therefore leads to liberalization, globalization and privatization; factors that all influence the economy of a given society (Andersen & Taylor, 2013). Factors influencing resistance to change include firstly religion-religious groups may impose their dogma on the entire society, leading to battles since several countries have diverse religions. Second factor is perceptions and beliefs that also act as hindrance to social change, for instance the fundamental rights of minorities such as lesbians and gays, race, color, gender etc ought to never be ignored in support of the majority (Andersen & Taylor, 2013). 2. The 3 types of legitimate authority as defined by Weber include; legal authority which basically is on the basis of a system of regulations that are exercised judicially and administratively according to principles that are known. The individuals administering such regulations are elected or appointed by a legally instituted process. In addition, superiors are under such regulations, hence their powers are limited and have their private lives completely separated from their official duties, which normally entail written documentation

BHS 400 - Module 1 SLP (Stress Management) Essay

BHS 400 - Module 1 SLP (Stress Management) - Essay Example So effective management of stress, can make a person successful in all aspects of his life. Identification of stress is the most important thing one must learn. â€Å"Most people are exposed to much higher levels of stress than they realize. Brain cells, "talk to each other" by means of chemical messengers. When a person is exposed to too much stress, chemical communication in the brain begins to fail. When these messengers fail, a person suffers from sleep disturbance, aches and pains, depression and anxiety. This condition is called -- OVERSTRESS. Three brain messengers control your sleeping, your energy levels, and your feelings of pain and pleasure.†(Steve Burns MD). Stress is often related to some kind of worries. Identifying the root cause of such worries and rectifying it will result in reduction of stress. The effects of stress depend upon: the Individuals Appraisal of the event, person or situation. To some people, a job interview is a life or death crisis; to others it is an enjoyable challenge. So the reason for stress remains in your perception of incidents in your daily life. Some people like to take challenges in order to excel in their jobs and for getting promotion. Some others will be satisfied with what they are now and they won’t be ready to take challenges. Unnecessary Worries often lead to stress. For example, religious people are always worried about the sins they committed. They are afraid of the final judgment of God and will be lead a stressful life until their death. They must remember that even the Bible says â€Å"all the human beings are sinners and those who have regretted in their sins will be forgiven†. They will avoid the fact that even one of the thieves crucified along with Jesus Christ, has got salvation. We must remember that each and every problem in the universe has at least one solution. In some cases there will be more than

The Thomson Corporation Essay Example for Free

The Thomson Corporation Essay The Thomson Corporation and its subsidiaries, with headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut, and operations in 37 countries, provide information services to business and professional customers worldwide. The family-owned organization operates through five segments: Thomson Legal, Thomson Tax and Accounting, Thomson Financial, Thomson Scientific, and Thomson Healthcare. The company began its roots with Roy Thomson who in 1934 acquired a newspaper in Canada, The Timmins Press. The company started out as a publication company but eventually branched out to become an information and knowledge based conglomerate. â€Å"Thomsons formula was so simple others soon mimicked it: Carve a lot out of a little. He scooped up small-town dailies and dished out the least costly product he could sell.† (Prochnau)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomson’s vision is to â€Å"be the leading global provider of integrated information-based solutions to business and professional customers.† The company plans to achieve this by â€Å"delivering superior shareholder value by empowering people to provide indispensable information, insight, productivity tools and services that help the company’s customers succeed.† Commitment to the people is the Thomson Corporation’s core value that directs and sustains the company’s operational strategies and objectives. â€Å"In 2006 the Thomson Corporation successfully executed on its strategic and operational priorities, and delivered strong financial results. Thomson has never been in a stronger position – strategically, operationally and financially† with $6.6 billion in revenues from continuing operations, up 8% from the results of the previous year. Moreover, the company gave back nearly $1 billion to shareholders through dividends and the stock buyback program.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In May of this year, the organization gained more ground in an unprecedented takeover of news and data giant, Reuters for 8.7 billion pounds ($17.2 billion). Thus, making the combined Thomson-Reuters’ market value to exponentially increase to $35 billion. â€Å"Thomson Financial and Reuters financial and media businesses will be merged and renamed Reuters, and will be run by American Devin Wenig, who is currently Reuters chief operating officer.† After this acquisition, the Thomson family will still own 53% of the combined businesses. The Corporations common shares are listed on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges (NYSE: TOC; TSX: TOC). Works Cited Prochnau, William. â€Å"In Lord Thomson’s Realm.† American Journalism Review October 1998: 44+. Rogers, Gareth. â€Å"Lord Who Ran Newspaper Empire in City.† South Wales Echo 20 June 2006: 22. The Thomson Corporation Annual Report 2006.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thomson Clinches [Pounds Sterling]8.7bn Reuters Buy.† Evening Standard [London] 15 May 2007: NA. Thomson Corporation. 2007. 23 October 2007 http://www.thomson.com/about/ Thomson Corporation (TOC). Yahoo Finance. 23 October 2007 http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=TOC

Why Must We Dream in Metaphors? :: Poetry Poem Poet Metaphor Papers

Why Must We Dream in Metaphors? The poet Willis Barnstone begins a poem with this line: "Why must I always see the death in things?" My poem would begin, "Why must I always see the metaphor in things?" If I have any intellectual strength it is in seeing connections between unlikely ideas, theories, and concepts. I sit in classes, in front of the television, in front of books and my brain constantly tries to see how what I donà ­t understand relates to, is like, compares to things I already know about. Part of the poetic process is to be on the lookout constantly for these metaphors, these comparisons between unlike things constantly, as (in a metaphorical sense) a mechanic might hear a car coming down the street and from the noise of the engine discern a kind of secret knowledge, an awareness, that is lost on other hearers. The strong arm of metaphor has led to statements like, "Thatà ­s why schema theory is a kind of Swiss army knife" or "using consultation is like deciding whether to fix your own transmission". Also: good teaching is very often about finding metaphors that give students another way of relating new material to what they have already more or less experienced. The other day I was trying to explain how I expected a paper to be structured, and I found myself saying, "Remember when you came home late from a date and you built an argument to show your parents that coming home late was a perfectly reasonable, even inevitable occurrence given the circumstances?" Even telling stories about my teaching is a kind of metaphor: that is, Ià ­m saying that my experience as a white male teaching in a small high school will be like the experience of my students. Lakoff and Johnson (1980) spend much of their book talking about where metaphors come from, how they function in conversation, what their tie to underlying social structures might be. However, I read the book hungrily looking for some information about why metaphors serve a purpose that nothing else seems to for me. Finally, near the end I found this statement: The reason we have focused so much on metaphor is that it unites reason and imagination. Reason, at the very least, involves categorization, entailment, and inference. Imagination, in one of its many aspects, involves seeing one kind of thing in terms of another kind of thing ­Ã‚ ­what we have called metaphorical thought. Why Must We Dream in Metaphors? :: Poetry Poem Poet Metaphor Papers Why Must We Dream in Metaphors? The poet Willis Barnstone begins a poem with this line: "Why must I always see the death in things?" My poem would begin, "Why must I always see the metaphor in things?" If I have any intellectual strength it is in seeing connections between unlikely ideas, theories, and concepts. I sit in classes, in front of the television, in front of books and my brain constantly tries to see how what I donà ­t understand relates to, is like, compares to things I already know about. Part of the poetic process is to be on the lookout constantly for these metaphors, these comparisons between unlike things constantly, as (in a metaphorical sense) a mechanic might hear a car coming down the street and from the noise of the engine discern a kind of secret knowledge, an awareness, that is lost on other hearers. The strong arm of metaphor has led to statements like, "Thatà ­s why schema theory is a kind of Swiss army knife" or "using consultation is like deciding whether to fix your own transmission". Also: good teaching is very often about finding metaphors that give students another way of relating new material to what they have already more or less experienced. The other day I was trying to explain how I expected a paper to be structured, and I found myself saying, "Remember when you came home late from a date and you built an argument to show your parents that coming home late was a perfectly reasonable, even inevitable occurrence given the circumstances?" Even telling stories about my teaching is a kind of metaphor: that is, Ià ­m saying that my experience as a white male teaching in a small high school will be like the experience of my students. Lakoff and Johnson (1980) spend much of their book talking about where metaphors come from, how they function in conversation, what their tie to underlying social structures might be. However, I read the book hungrily looking for some information about why metaphors serve a purpose that nothing else seems to for me. Finally, near the end I found this statement: The reason we have focused so much on metaphor is that it unites reason and imagination. Reason, at the very least, involves categorization, entailment, and inference. Imagination, in one of its many aspects, involves seeing one kind of thing in terms of another kind of thing ­Ã‚ ­what we have called metaphorical thought.

Willie Loman as a Tragic Hero

Aristotle’s definition for a tragic hero is one who is not in control of his own fate, but instead is ruled by the gods in one fashion or another.   The tragic hero for Aristotle is tragic because of their lack of control or will in the face of their predetermined future and downfall.   In comparing Arthur Miller’s tragic hero of Death of a Salesman (Willy Loman) and his seeming lack of control in his own fate. This paper will expound upon Loman’s tragic flaw, his change of fate in the plot starting from good and going to worse.   Also, in defining and finding the correct terms in which to define the tragic hero Loman has a great tragic flaw (hamartia) which is his devil may care attitude at the beginning of the story, to the despondency and stagnation of hope that meets him at the end of the story.   Miller’s work analysis will be derived from Greg Johnson’s book Perrine's literature : structure, sound and sense.   As Arp and Johnson state, â€Å"Where tragic protagonist possess overpowering individuality so the plays are often named after them.   (i.e. Oedipus Rex, Othella), comic protagonist tend to be types of individuals, and the plays in which they appear are often named after the type, (i.e. Moliers, The Miser, Congreves, The Double Dealer). We judge tragic protagonist by absolute moral standards, by how far they soar above society.   We judge comic protagonist by social standards, by how well they adjust to society and conform to the expectations of the group† (1308) This is the dichotomy for Willy Loman, the tragic irony, the drama, and Willy Loman’s protagonist stance in a comic viewing. As John Jones (1962) states in On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy with an excerpt from Aristotle’s The Ideal Tragic Hero, â€Å"The well constructed plot must, therefore, have a single issue, and not (as some maintain) a double. The change of fortune must not be from bad to good but the other way round, from good to bad; and it must be caused, not by wickedness, but by some great error [hamartia] on the part of a man such as we have described, or of one better, not worse, than that† (13). This excerpt is the pivotal movement that changes Loman from a man who has hard luck, to the pinnacle of being a tragic hero in which he suffers from hamartia.   For Willy Loman, his reality isn’t primarily attributed to ego; he knows where he is, what he is, but his tragic flaw is accounted for in the pitfall of banal acceptance.   Willy Loman doesn’t try to change anything, but is caught up in mediocrity, and essentially blind to anything with a silver lining. As Harold Bloom (1991) writes in Willy Loman with an excerpt by Thomas Lask and his writing How Do You Like Willy Loman (New York Times, January 1966), â€Å"Yet, to my mind, Willy represents all those who are trapped by false values, but who are so far on in life, that they do not know how to escape them. They are men on the wrong track and know it. They are among those who, when young, felt they could move mountains and now do not even see those mountains. Aristotle said the tragic hero must be neither all good nor all evil, but rather a median figure. Everything about him is paltry except his battle to understand and escape from the pit he has dug for himself. In this battle he achieves a measure of greatness. In the waste of his life, his fate touches us all† (60). In Willy’s acceptance of his own commonness is his own personal flaw.   He doesn’t strive to be any better but allows himself to dully, and almost dutifully accept that he’s a dime a dozen.   Susan C. W. Abbotson (1999) states in Understanding Death of a Salesman, â€Å"Pursuing the dream of middle-class status and success, Willy does everything he thinks a good salesman is supposed to do. He smiles, he tells jokes, he hustles women receptionists. But Willy's talents are ordinary at best, and his value in the market is marginal† (212).   This is Willy’s great error. His mediocrity is a compromise to his once great dreams.   Even in the common man’s world he doesn’t stand out as unique or special; his flaw is in his power to be invisible.   No one seems to care in his existence and for Willy Loman, this realization in turn makes him not care about his own existence in a way, toward the end of the play at least, when his hope is close to banished.   This small sentiment can be found in a few muttered lines from Willy, â€Å"I’ve always tried to think otherwise, I guess.   I always felt that if a man was impressive, and well like, that nothing-â€Å"(97).   This sums up Loman’s fate; his drowning enthusiasm pitted against an uncaring cast of characters. With Oedipus this is the same; his tragic hero status is ensured by his unwillingness to exist as a partial man; without knowing his origins, without knowing his true identity.   While Loman is realizing that he has no identity he thus becomes a tragic hero, for Oedipus when he discovers his true identity, therein lies his status as a tragic hero.   He realizes his ego got in the way of his life.   His ego was his ruin. Willy Loman’s view of the world breaks when he loses his job.   Loman faces the world as no ordinary common man but also an invisible entity left to make no difference on the face of the earth while Oedipus is bereaved of his position and would rather not have lived (or seen what he had accomplished) because of the things he has done.   As Arthur Miller states in Perrine’s Literature, â€Å"Whoever heard of a Hastings small R refrigerator? Once in my life I would like to own, something outright before its broken! I’m always in a race with the junkyard! I just finished paying for the car and it’s on its last legs.   The refrigerator consumes belts like a Goddamn maniac.   They time those things.   They time them so when you finally paid for them they’re used up† (1586). This is the truth behind the tragic hero Loman.  Ã‚   The paradox for Loman as a tragic hero is in Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero; he’s doomed to failure. In conclusion, Loman began his story with an aplomb of luck, or ego, or a rosy view of the world, and his story ends with destruction:   Loman is hit by a car.   The connotation here is that Loman was blind in the beginning of Miller’s play, but not really in the second act.   Loman has dwindling faith in himself and reality.   Loman survived in life under false pretences, thus he suffers from his one flaw; blindness. Works Cited Arp, Thomas R & Greg Johnson.   Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense.   Heinle & Heinle /Thomson Learning, 2002, 8th edition. Bloom, Harold,   ed.   Willy Loman. New York: Chelsea House, 1991. Hamilton, Victoria. Narcissus and Oedipus: The Children of Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books, 1993 Jones, John. On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962. Miller, Arthur.   Death of a Salesman.   Penguin Books, New York, 1949. Murphy, Brenda, and Susan C. W. Abbotson. Understanding Death of a Salesman A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. Sophocles.   Oedipus the King. Oedipus at Colonus.   Antigone.   Ed. David Greene and Richmond Lattimore.   Random House, New York, 1942.

Reason for Seeking a College Degree Essay

The purpose of this essay is to discuss why I chose to seek a college degree, my learning style as discovered by the results of questionnaires, and the fact that I feel the results are accurate for me personally. Everyone has their own individual reasons for pursuing a college degree. For me, it is the desire to become a state Game Warden after retiring from the military. Being a state Game Warden requires that I have a degree in the biological or wildlife sciences. In a profession like this, it is important that one has a clear and concise understanding of wildlife biology at a collegiate level. To be a viable candidate in this profession, a college degree is necessary to present myself as a competitive individual for the job I am seeking to fill. Whether or not I have on the job training or experience, the college degree will show that I have the knowledge base to help me succeed as a warden. The end goal in my pursuit of a college degree is to not only broaden my scope of knowledge and skills, but to unlock career aspirations that would otherwise be unattainable for me without a degree. But before I put the cart before the horse, graduating with degree in hand requires I truly know myself inside and out. Basically I need to understand what my personal learning style is. Learning styles are not exactly chosen, they are natural and inherent to each learner. According to Felder & Soloman (n. d. ) there are several different learning styles: Active, Reflective, Visual, Auditory, Tactile, Sensing, Intuitive, Verbal, Sequential and Global. To find out what kind of learner you are, a simple questionnaire or quiz can be taken to narrow these options down. In taking Felder & Soloman’s Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire (n. d.) and the Learning Style Inventory (Penn State, 2010) questionnaire, I have discovered that I am an active learner and a visual learner. An active learner is one who gravitates toward interpreting, comprehending, and retaining information in a â€Å"hands on† or active fashion. In other words they discuss or apply and explain the information to others (Felder & Soloman, n. d. ). The degree program I am enrolled in is online; which presents me with challenges and difficulties in using the active learning style that I normally rely upon. An alternative to active learning for me is visual, which will serve me well because online course material is something I can see to interpret and retain. Visual learners are those who absorb and maintain information efficiently through methods such as charts, diagrams, pictures, films or demonstrations (Felder & Soloman, n. d. ). Suggestions for success as a visual learner include writing out ideas and information for memorization and fully utilizing all course materials, whether they are maps, flashcards, charts or filmstrips (Penn State, 2010). I am someone who always reads the directions prior to completing any task, therefore this fits me perfectly. I fully agree with the results of these questionnaires. I am a mechanic- someone who works day in and day out with my hands. The things I am trying to accomplish or figure out require me to read texts, diagrams and pictures and solve the problem using these resources. I also discuss and apply the information found with those who are masters of the mechanic profession. My reasons for seeking a college degree are simple. I need to hold at minimum at Bachelor’s in the wildlife or biological sciences to reach my goal of being a state Game Warden after retirement from the military. To be successful in this means that I understand I am a visual and active learner, as realized after taking the learning styles questionnaires. References Felder, R. M. , & Soloman, B. A. (n. d. ). Index of learning styles. Retrieved from http://www. engr. ncsu. edu/learningstyles/ilsweb. html Penn State. (2010). Learning style inventory. Retrieved from http://www. personal. psu. edu/bxb11/LSI/LSI/htm.

Problem Solution Essay Ideas Where to Search and How to Choose

Problem Solution Essay Ideas Where to Search and How to Choose Nobody likes having many problems around him/her. However, when you face the necessity of finding a problem solution essay idea, you start searching to them intensively. This article will help you to get the problem solution essay idea and thus to avoid problems with your writing. Personal, Local or Global? Perhaps, writing about some personal problem would be rather interesting and helpful. However, as a rule, a problem solution essay idea should be about a problem which concerns some community, not a single person. As for global problems, they are rather important, but at the same time too serious to become a problem solution essay idea. Thus, local problems are the most appropriate matter to become your problem solution essay idea. Looking for the Problems To find a problem solution essay idea, you can take the following steps: Recollect some local problems you have faced recently and think whether other people also suffer from this situation. Ask your family, friends, neighbors. Read the local newspapers. Making a Choice After you have found several problem solution essay ideas, you have to choose only one of them: Analyze whether a problem really exists. If there is no golf club in your district, it is a fact, but hardly a problem. Think whether you have enough knowledge to cope with your problem solution essay idea. Solving some problems requires a very specific base of knowledge. Evaluate whether you will be able to provide a feasible solution. Many problems just imply that â€Å"huge funding is needed†. Try to focus on the problem solution essay idea which is not about substantial fundraising. However, if you are able to propose where to find the necessary funding to solve some problem, you can choose this problem solution essay idea. You may ask: should the problem solution essay idea I choose be the problem which affects me? Of course, it works as great motivation; however, it is not the obligatory requirement, you can just focus on helping other people.

Sentence Length - Definition, Examples, Recommendations

Sentence Length s, Recommendations Definition In English grammar, sentence length refers to the number of words in a sentence. Most readability formulas use the number of words in a sentence to measure its difficulty. Yet in some cases, a short sentence can be harder to read than a long one. Comprehension can sometimes be facilitated by longer sentences, especially those that contain coordinate structures. Contemporary style guides generally recommend varying the length of sentences to avoid monotony and achieve appropriate emphasis.   See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: Sentence VarietyBasic Sentence Structures in EnglishE.B. Whites Exercise in Sentence Length and VarietyEuphonyParagraph LengthThe Rhythm of Prose, by Robert Ray LorantSentence Variety in Alice Walkers Am I Blue?Sentence Variety in Thurbers Life and Hard TimesStyleWhat Is a Sentence?What Is Sentence Combining and How Does It Work? Examples and Observations When the great orator William Jennings Bryan accepted the Democratic nomination for president in 1896, the average length of a sentence in his speech was 104 words. Today, the average length of a sentence in a political speech is less than 20 words. Were simply in an age of directness and making our point more quickly.  (Bob Elliot and Kevin Carroll, Make Your Point! AuthorHouse, 2005)Varying your sentence length is much more important than varying your sentence pattern if you want to produce clear, interesting, readable prose.  (Gary A. Olson et al., Style and Readability in Business Writing: A Sentence-Combining Approach. Random House, 1985) Examples of Varied Sentence Length: Updike, Bryson, and Wodehouse That laugh said a strange thing. It said, This is fun. Baseball is meant to be fun, and not all the solemn money men in fur-collared greatcoats, not all the scruffy media cameramen and sour-faced reporters that crowd around the dugouts can quite smother the exhilarating spaciousness and grace of this impudently relaxed sport, a game of innumerable potential redemptions and curious disappointments. This is fun.  (John Updike, The First Kiss. Hugging the Shore: Essays and Criticism. Knopf, 1983)One of the great myths of life is that childhood passes quickly. In fact, because time moves more slowly in Kid Worldfive times more slowly in a classroom on a hot afternoon, eight times more slowly on any car journey of more than five miles (rising to eighty-six times more slowly when driving across Nebraska or Pennsylvania lengthwise), and so slowly during the last week before birthdays, Christmases, and summer vacations as to be functionally immeasurableit goes on for decades when measured in adult terms. It is an adult life that is over in a twinkling. (Bill Bryson, The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid. Broadway Books, 2006)The young mans judgment was one at which few people with an eye for beauty would have cavilled. When the great revolution against Londons ugliness really starts and yelling hordes of artists and architects, maddened beyond endurance, finally take the law into their own hands and rage through the city burning and destroying, Wallingford Street, West Kensington, will surely not escape the torch. Long since it must have been marked down for destruction. For, though it possesses certain merits of a low practical kind, being inexpensive in the matter of rents and handy for the buses and the Underground, it is a peculiarly beastly little street. Situated in the middle of one of those districts where London breaks out into a sort of eczema of red brick, it consists of two parallel rows of semi-detached villas all exactly alike, each guarded by a rag ged evergreen hedge, each with coloured glass of an extremely regrettable nature let into the panels of the front door; and sensitive young impressionists from the artists colony up Holland Park way may sometimes be seen stumbling through it with hands over their eyes, muttering between clenched teeth How long? How long?  (P.G. Wodehouse, Leave It to Psmith, 1923) Ursula Le Guin on Short and Long Sentences Teachers trying to get school kids to write clearly, and journalists with their weird rules of writing, have filled a lot of heads with the notion that the only good sentence is a short sentence.This is true for convicted criminals.Very short sentences, isolated or in a series, are terrifically effective in the right place. Prose consisting entirely of short, syntactically simple sentences is monotonous, choppy, a blunt instrument. If short-sentence prose goes on very long, whatever its content, the thump-thump beat gives it a false simplicity that soon just sounds dumb. See Spot. See Jane. See Spot bite Jane...As Strunk and White say, variety in sentence length is whats needed. All short will sound stupid. All long will sound stuffy.In revision, you can consciously check for variety, and if youve fallen into a thumping of all short sentences or a wambling of all long ones, change them to achieve a varied rhythm and pace.  (Ursula Le Guin, Steering the Craft: Exercises and Discussi ons on Story Writing for the Lone Navigator or the Mutinous Crew. Eighth Mountain Press, 1998) Dont Just Write Words. Write Music. This sentence has five words. Here are five more words. Five-word sentences are fine. But several together become monotonous. Listen to what is happening. The writing is getting boring. The sound of it drones. Its like a stuck record. The ear demands some variety. Now listen. I vary the sentence length, and I create music. Music. The writing sings. It has a pleasant rhythm, a lilt, a harmony. I use short sentences. And I use sentences of medium length. And sometimes, when I am certain the reader is rested, I will engage him with a sentence of considerable length, a sentence that burns with energy and builds with all the impetus of a crescendo, the roll of the drums, the crash of the cymbalssounds that say listen to this, it is important.So write with a combination of short, medium, and long sentences. Create a sound that pleases the readers ear. Dont just write words. Write music.  (Gary Provost, 100 Ways to Improve Your Writing. Mentor, 1985) Sentence Length in Technical Writing Sometimes sentence length affects the quality of the writing. In general, an average of 15 to 20 words is effective for most technical communication. A series of 10-word sentences would be choppy. A series of 35-word sentences would probably be too demanding. And a succession of sentences of approximately the same length would be monotonous.In revising a draft, use your software to compute the average sentence length of a representative passage. (Mike Markel, Technical Communication, 9th ed. Bedford/St Martins, 2010) Sentence Length in Legal Writing Keep your average sentence length to about 20 words. The length of your sentences will determine the readability of your writing as much as any other quality. Thats why readability formulas rely so heavily on sentence length.Not only do you want a short average; you also need variety. That is, you should have some 35-word sentences and some 3-word sentences, as well as many in between. But monitor your average, and work hard to keep it to about 20 words. (Bryan A. Garner, Legal Writing in Plain English. University of Chicago Press, 2001) Sentence Length and Polysyndeton To dwell in a city which, much as you grumble at it, is after all very fairly a modern city; with crowds and shops and theatres and cafes and balls and receptions and dinner parties, and all the modern confusion of social pleasures and pains; to have at your door the good and evil of it all; and yet to be able in half an hour to gallop away and leave it a hundred miles, a hundred years, behind, and to look at the tufted broom glowing on a lonely tower-top in the still blue air, and the pale pink asphodels trembling none the less for the stillness, and the shaggy-legged shepherds leaning on their sticks in motionless brotherhood with the heaps of ruin, and the scrambling goats and staggering little kids treading out wild desert smells from the top of hollow-sounding mounds; and then to come back through one of the great gates and a couple of hours later find yourself in the world, dressed, introduced, entertained, inquiring, talking about Middlemarch to a young English lady or listeni ng to Neapolitan songs from a gentleman in a very low-cut shirtall this is to lead in a manner a double life and to gather from the hurrying hours more impressions than a mind of modest capacity quite knows how to dispose of. (Henry James, Italian Hours, 1909) The Lighter Side of Sentence Length Writers who wish to impart to their productions power and pungency, who wish to keep the readers attention upon the tiptoe of activity, who desire to escape the imputation of pedantry and who seek to surcharge their sentiments with sparkle and spirit, will do well to bear in mind constantly that long, lingering sentences, unduly overburdened with an abundance of phrases, clauses, and parenthetical observations of a more or less digressive character, are apt to be tiresome to the reader, especially if the subject matter be at all profound or ponderous, to place an undue strain upon his powers of concentration and to leave him with a confused concept of the ideas which the writer apparently has been at great pains to concentrate, while short, snappy sentences, on the other hand, with the frequent recurrence of subject and predicate, thus recalling and emphasizing the idea to be expressed as the development of the thought proceeds, like numerous signposts upon an untraveled road, these frequent breaks having the effect of taking a new hold upon the readers attention, oases in the desert of words, as it were, will be found to be much more effective, much more conducive to clarity, and far better calculated to preserve the contact, the wireless connection, so to speak, between the writer and the reader, provided, however, and it is always very easy to err through a too strict and too literal application of a general rule, that the sentences are not so short as to give a jerky, choppy, and sketchy effect and to scatter the readers attention so often as to send him wool-gathering completely. (Ellis O. Jones, comic playwright, anti-war activist, and editor of the original Life magazine. Reprinted in The Writer, December 1913)

Strategy and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategy and Marketing - Essay Example Economic conditions as well as lifestyle needs demand that consumers invest in their housing to ensure asset value growth and require adequate transportation and computer systems to facilitate effective and demanded lifestyle quality. Many of these industries do not require a strong market-oriented strategy, since the competitive environment does not mandate being ultra-sensitive to buyer needs (Walker & Mullins, 2011). Companies such as The Home Depot and Lowe’s offer rather standardized products that are in demand due to economic conditions and widespread consumer need for asset protection. In this oligopoly market structure where there are limited competitors, the business can avoid high costs associated with customer relationship management systems and other market-oriented models of doing business. The mid- and long-term factors of high performance are credit availability, limited competition in certain high-performing industries, pricing structures, and high consumer dem and. No, it would be difficult to make the assumption that some industries are inherently more profitable than others. Some have operational models that consume a great deal of cash or credit that are not widely understood without examining annual reports or market studies on business strategy and growth. They may offer higher prices, however the cost of goods sold in these industries could be substantially higher than other competitors that have leaner models of production. There are many factors associated with promotions, brand positioning, or even expensive information technology and support that could erode profitability. Walker & Mullins (2011) identifies that market success requires examination of external trends that impact the industry long-term. Ineffective market research, either qualitative or quantitative, as well as a poorly-developed promotional strategy could greatly undercut profitability as compared to more efficient competitors at these activities. Automobile Manu facturing Performance Automobile manufacturer sales volumes are strongly influenced by consumer demand and also short-term economic conditions in key target markets in their desired segments. Morningstar (2012) identifies rather poor mid- to long-term performance at Nissan, but rather high performance at General Motors. Both of these companies offer mid-sized to larger-sized vehicles and operate in generally the same socio-economic market segments. Walker & Mullins (2011) identifies the importance of positioning, which is establishing a product that will emphasize consumer needs and help to differentiate the brand from other competition. General Motors conducts considerable market research on consumer attitudes, behaviors and needs which assists this business in gaining more customers. Psychographics is only one method of establishing connections with buyers. Nissan, on the other hand, might have less developed promotional and advertising strategies that do not stand out from compet ition. While GM would be positioned as a lifestyle-relevant product line, Nissan might be ineffective at successfully differentiating the product. Though this is only one factor, it does indicate why some companies perform better financially than others due to the importance of successful marketing strategy implementation and control. The automotive industry is also reliant on consumers that conduct a great deal of

What does the bible mean to me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

What does the bible mean to me - Essay Example w the bible differently but I believe it to be a sacred collection of books that Christians use as a reference to God’s command during their worship as well as in their lifestyles. It provides the means of communication with God the creator who Christians believe is supernatural and whom they revere. The bible directs man on the kind of life that he should live. It is God’s way of instructing, encouraging and correcting Christians, as well as making his plan known to them. Moreover, it explains the destiny of man in the life after death, consistent with the life that one lived. The bible connects the reader with God at a deeper level so that the communication is one on one with the help of the Holy Spirit who is described in the bible as Christians’ intercessor before God. In order for the fellowship of man with God to manifest fully, it is essential to have the Holy Spirit’s intervention since the sinful nature of man separates him from God who in His nature is Holy. This is well outlined in the scripture in Isaiah 59:1-12. I consider the bible to be a very vital holy book in the life of a Christian since it gives him/her reference for their lives and enables them to connect to God and this way, they are able to know His will and purpose for their lives. As mentioned earlier, the bible clearly states the kind of life that man should live while on earth and his ultimate fate after death consistent with the life that he chose to live. Everyone should therefore seek to know the bible and obey the commands

BBC in 1920s and 1930s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BBC in 1920s and 1930s - Essay Example [1] [3] [4] John Reith was chosen as general manager and the company later became the British Broadcasting Corporation in 1927 when it was granted a Royal Charter of incorporation and ceased to be privately owned. It started experimental television broadcasting in 1932 and finally in 1936 began commercial operation. [1] [3] [4] Since BBC was doing great, it awarded a second TV channel, BBC2, in 1964, renaming the existing channel BBC1. BBC's monopoly on radio services persisted until the 1970s. Starting in 1964 a series of pirate radio stations came on the air, and forced the UK government to finally deregulate radio services. In response the BBC reorganized and renamed their radio channels. As well as the four national channels, a series of local BBC radio stations was established. [1] [3] [4] Since the deregulation of the UK television and radio market in the 1980s, the BBC started to face greater competition from the commercial sector, especially on satellite television, cable television, and digital television services. [1] The credit of the early success of the company goes to the BBC Research Department which has played a major part in the development of broadcasting and recording techniques. In the early days it carried out essential research into acoustics and programme level and noise measurement. [1] [3] [4] The BBC is a Public Corporation operating as a public service broadca... The BBC is required by its charter to be free from both political and commercial influence and to answer only to its viewers and listeners. [1] [3] [4] Goals in 1920s and 1930s BBC was established in 1922 and its earliest goal (as with most companies) was to survive. BBC started off with its radio service, which was the first of its kind. The national service which BBC provided could only be heard by the few who had radio receivers. Therefore as beginner BBC's objective was to firmly establish itself as a known company and promote the technology to the audiences. As the technology progressed and more people got interested in the entertainment provided by BBC, the goals of the company matured as well. For the purpose of better understanding these goals are broken down into separate headings and the goals specified are presented in a chronological order. Economic goals As mentioned above, as a new company starting in 1922, the aim of BBC was to survive the initial excursion into the unknown world of radio public service. After creating the stirring in the British elite circle (because this service could only be afforded by the elites initially), the economic goal of BBC changed towards enlarging its scope and expanding into bigger markets. By late 1930s BBC's economic goal was to earn through its radio and T.V. broadcasts without interference from commercial pressures. Governmental goals In 1926 the first royal charter was given to BBC to function. This charter was an understanding to promote governmental goals as well as BBC's own goals. The British monarch used the radio to forge a link between the dispersed and disparate listeners and the symbolic heartland of

The Growth Of The Mens Grooming Industry

The Growth Of The Mens Grooming Industry Mens grooming industry is one of the fastest growing markets in recent years (Euromonitor International: Mens Grooming Products Thailand, 2009). This sector is dramatically booming in Asian countries, especially Thailand. One of the leading brands in mens grooming market in Thailand is NIVEA FOR MEN brand, operated by Beiersdorf Thailand, which is selected to be the case study in this research. To be the leading brand in this fast growing industry, NIVEA FOR MEN needs to create business plan with a very strong strategic marketing plan. In general, a business sets the overall direction for the company through a business plan. The business plan is created in order that the goals and objectives of the company are to be achieved. In other words, goals and objectives of a business are the underlying foundation of the business plan (The times 100, 2008). The marketing plan is certainly a vital part of the business plan and plays active roles to achieve the targets. The strategic marketing planning process flows from a mission and vision statement to the selection of target markets, and the formulation of specific marketing mix and brand or product positioning objective (RESTREPO, N.A.). Moreover, Kotler (1994) presents the organization as a value creation and delivery sequence. To choose the value, the strategist needs to proceed to segment the market, select an appropriate market target, and develop the offers value positioning, which is known as a vital strategy of Market-oriented perspective. It seems to be unavoidable that Beiersdorf Thailand has to come up with the marketing strategies to penetrate and to be the leader in mens grooming market by doing the right segmentation, selecting the best-suited target markets, and creating the competitive brand/product positioning. In sum, the formula of segmentation, targeting, positioning, STP strategies, is the heart of strategic marketing (Kotler, 1994). The literature review is divided into two main parts. The first part focuses on the previous work on market-oriented approach, as opposed to resource-base view perspective. The second part covers the relevant work on the process of segmentation, targeting, and positioning as well as implementation of the marketing strategy. Part 1: Market-oriented perspective and Resource-based view perspective Part 2: Three essentially related topics Market Segmentation Market Targeting Market Positioning Part 1: Market-oriented perspective and Resource-based perspective This part will specifically study on market-oriented perspective, which underlies a market power imperative, through previous academic research. There are many studies about the implication of resource-based view and market-oriented perspective for a company to be successful in terms of profitability. Also, there are discussions about what perspective is the appropriate one. According to Porter (1991), a successful company has to use market-oriented approach to study the external market and then apply to internal resources. Market orientation , according to Kohli and Jaworski (1990), requires various departments in an organization to engage in activities geared towards developing an understanding of customers needs, and then develop the products to meet target customers needs (Hooley et al., 2008). In addition, Porters (1991) work relies heavily on the pursuit of advantages which are determined by firms exogenous variables that require analysis of the competitors and opportunities in the market. In Porters (1991) theory of competition strategy, he stated that the competition strategy of a firm is to seek an advantageous competitive position in the marketplace or to build up a profitable market position by drawing on varieties of factors that are critical to being competitive in an industrial sector. Following the Porters work, a recent research from Ren, Xie, and Krabbendam (2010) also studied the sustainable competitive advantage with the market-oriented perspective, which covered market innovation. Their work strongly supported the use of market-oriented perspective, with the conclusion that market-oriented approach can lead companies to success and gain more profits. Additionally, they suggested that companies analyse various marketing factors to discover new competitive advantages in order to achieve marketing innovation. However, Prahalad and Hamel (1990) and Sharkie (2003) undertake different perspective by arguing that external focus, in the view of market orientation, which requires the company to concentrate on conditions and constraints in the external environment cannot create competitive advantage for a company. Nonetheless, the resource-based view approach is believed to somehow lead to competitive advantages as it suggests that a firms unique resources and capabilities provide the basis for a strategy. In a previous study, Grant (1991) proposed a practical framework for resource-based approach to strategy formulation. The organizing framework for his study is a five-stage procedure for strategy formulation which are 1) analysing the firms resource-base, 2) appraising the firms capabilities, 3) analysing the profit-earning potential of firms resources and capabilities, 4) selecting a strategy, and 5) extending and upgrading the firms pool of resources and capabilities. Ren, Xie, and Krabbendam, (2010) had a reservation on the use of resource-base view, explaining that resources would contribute to sustainable competitive advantage just when a firm possesses valuable, scarce, inimitable and irreplaceable resources. They stated that in the real world, not every company has the resources with all of those characteristics (Ren, Xie, and Krabbendam, 2010). Part 2: The Process of Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning 2.1 MARKET SEGMENTATION 2.1.1 Definition of Market Segmentation Market segmentation is defined as the division of a mass market into identifiable and distinct groups or segments, each of which have common characteristics and needs and display similar responses to marketing actions (Rosscraig, 2007). As the market consists of diverse types of products, customers, and personnel needs, the marketers should divide the market into distinct group of buyers in order to appropriately determine which market segment offers the best opportunity for achieving company objectives. Perner (2008) indicated that it is very unlikely that one product could meet the satisfaction of all consumers. In this perspective, a company which chose to focus on a specific group of consumers rather than customers in general would be more successful in terms of profitability. Dibb (1998) suggested that companies divide large markets into smaller segments in order to identify customers purchasing behaviors. Furthermore, Brassington and Pettitt (2003) also suggested that marketers find ways of breaking the market down into manageable parts, groups of customers with similar characteristics in terms of commonly used classifications to measure demographics, which include socio-economics, geographic and personality, and to concentrate their efforts on selecting one or more of these areas. While various literatures stated that it is essential to consider the market segmentation, MC Donald (1998) argued that market segmentation always faced the problem that many different types of customers used the same products in diverse markets. It meant that these different types of customers were in fact subsumed under the same category. Besides, Moschis (1997) also stated the problems of segmentation that the demographics change and the aging of the population change were significant factors that affected the age composition of the consumer market. Day and Wensley (1983) criticised that the market segmentation relating to the consumer market sector alone was not sufficient as it generally reflected the one-sidedness of marketing. The competitive structure was to be taken into account as it yielded the basic information on segment formation. The research from Day and Wensley (1983) concluded that the formation and selection of segments could be improved if theoretical aspects of competitor orientation are included. Dibb (1997) outlined three condition classifications which help identify potential consumers in each segment; those are as follows The expected benefits must be identifiable; Having identified these benefits, marketers must divide people into recognisable segments; One or more of the resulting segments must be accessible to the firms marketing efforts. 2.1.3 Segmentation Variables/ Market Segmentation in Consumer Markets To segment consumer markets, the market information, in terms of customer variables, product variables, and situation related variables, must be collected for further analysis. In the study of The Application of Social Class in Market Segmentation, Carman (1965) stated that social class was a major segmentation variable to divided customers into groups. However, later on in 1994, Raaij and Verhallen argued that social class cannot be used as a main segmentation variable as the society had become less vertically organised with more buying power across larger layer of society, and also concluded that social class concept had lost its unique segmentation value. They claimed that other demographic variables, such as age and education, and other psychological characteristics were more appropriate for segmentation. Raaij and Verhallen (1994)s research studied the market segments and types of people as target groups for marketing activities; market segmentation is then classified into three main levels according to the level of generality of the variables which were general, domain-specific, and brand-specific levels (figure [2-1]). Level of Variable Objective Subjective General (behavioural patterns: Person characteristics) Age Income Education Behavioural patterns General values Lifestyle Personality Domain-specific (product-class usage) Situation Frequency of use Substitution Behaviour Opinions Perception Attitude Domain-specific values Brand-specific (brand-usage) Brand loyalty (behavior) Frequency of use Action Brand Loyalty (attitude) Preference Evaluation Purchase intention Figure [2-1]: Classification of Segmentation Variables by Raaij and Verhallen (1994) However, in the late of 2000s, Rosscraig (2007) suggested that media usage and technology usage could be a concern of market segmentation approach (See Appendix [2-1]). He stated that the variables used in segmenting consumer markets could be broadly divided into three main classes including: Profile criteria: Background customer characteristics Psychological criteria: customer attitudes Behavioral criteria: Actual behavior in the market place (Figure [2-1]). Consumer Criteria Profile Psychological Behavioural Demographic Socio-economic Geographic Who and Where Lifestyle Personality Perceptions Attitudes Motives Benefit sought Why and Who Purchase/transaction Consumption/ usage Media usage Technology usage Who, How, Where, and When Figure [2-2]: Segmentation criteria in consumer markets Profile Criteria With respect to profile criteria, customer characteristics are to be examined with isolation from the specific market of interest. The profile segmentation criterion is used for identiflying the target consumers and in the consumer goods markets which are most suitable to them (Rosscraig, 2007). According to Rosscraig (2007), this simple segmentation variable includes using demographic method, socio-economic method, and geographic method. Demographic method can be determined by age, gender, ethnicity, nationality, religion, family size, generation, and etc. This method is useful in assisting media planning and marketing communications as the media selection criteria have been developed around these variables. Socio-economic method can be shaped by occupation, income level, social class, and education. Socio-economic status determines whether a consumer will be able to afford a product. Geographic location method is shaped by geographical areas; markets can be considered by country or region, by town or size of city, by population density such as urban, suburban, or rural areas, or by postcode. This approach is useful when there are clear location differences in tastes, consumption, and preferences. Moreover, this method is widely applied with direct sales operations as they can use census information to develop better customer segmentation and predictive models. The profile segmentation approach is criticised in respect of uncertainly. While one segment is based on consumer background characteristics, members of each variable may behave differently in the marketplace for various reasons while members in the different segments may seek for the same things and have the same interest in a particular product/brand (Hooley et al., 2008). In shorts, this type of segmentation variable describes who and where the consumers are, but it does not explain the basic reasons why consumers behave so. Psychological Criteria The psychological criteria draw a casual relationship between customer profiles and marketing behavior (Hooley et al., 2008). The psychological variable includes the characteristics of attitude of the customers. Attitudes to the product class and attitudes toward brands in the market have both been used as productive bases for market segmentation (Hooley et al., 2008). According to Rosscraig (2007), psychological variables used for segmenting consumer product markets include using attitudes and perceptions, lifestyle of consumers, and the types of benefit sought by customers from products and brands and their consumption choices. The use of attitudes and perceptions aims at identifying segments of respondents who view the products on offer in a similar way (Green et al., 1989). Consumer lifestyles segmentation is based on the analysis of consumers activities, interactions with others, and opinions to understand consumers individual lifestyles and patterns of behavior (Hooley et al., 2008). In 2003, Taylor Nelson Sofres (TNS) developed a UK Lifestyle Typology based on lifestyles and classified the following types of lifestyle categories which are belonger, survivor, experimentalist, conspicuous consumer, social resistor, self-explorer, and the aimless (Rosscraig, 2007). The most important benefits of consumer lifestyle research are for guiding the creative content of advertising (Hooley et al., 2008). The main idea of the benefit segmentation is that the company should provide customers with exactly what they want, based on the benefits that they derive from the products that they use, not based on how the company designs products for them (Rosscraig, 2007). According to Hooley et al. (2008) benefit segmentation tells the basic reasons why customers buy the products and why customers are attracted to the product offerings. Holley (1982) also suggested that the development in techniques of analysis make them particularly suitable for identifying benefit segments (Hooley, 1982). Overall, segmentation on the basis of psychological yields more useful basis for marketing strategy development than merely consumer profile characteristics (Hooley et al., 2008). It gets closer to the underlying reasons for behavior of consumers, so it should be used as the basis for segmenting the market (Hooley et al., 2008). However, there are some major drawbacks of Psychological segmentation techniques, one of which is that this techniques require often costly primary research and sophisticated data analysis techniques (Hooley et al., 2008). Behavioral criteria Doing segmentation on the basis of the behavior of consumers in the market is the most direct method of segmenting markets. Behavioral segmentation includes purchase behavior, consumption behavior, media usage and technology usage (Rosscraig, 2007). Purchase behavior approach concentrates on the time of purchase which is early or late in the products overall life cycle, and the patterns of purchase which is the identification of brand-loyal customers. This approach could concentrate on innovator segmentation, concerning with initial purchase. Marketers will pay high attention to innovator groups when new products are launched. Innovators as initial target segments can improve the products chances of acceptance on the market (Hooley et al., 2008). In addition, brand loyalty has been widely used as a basis for segmentation, concerning with the repeat purchasing (Hooley et al., 2008). A company may segment a market on the basis of how often a customer uses its products, categorizing these into high, medium, and low users, by usage rate (Rosscraig, 2007). The examination of usage patterns and volume consumed can pinpoint where to focus marketing activity and can be used to develop service specifications or marketing mixes for each of these groups of users (Hooley et al., 2008). Cook and Mindak (1984) have shown that product and brand usage has a major advantage over many other situation-specific segmentation variables as it can be obtained, in case of many consumer products, from secondary sources. It is very essential to understand and profile audience media usage in the process of communication planning (Chatterjee, Hoffman, and Novak (1998). Since 1950s the information of media consuming, such as television viewing, radio listening, and print reading, have been continuously collected. And in more recent years, web usage data has also been collected by market researchers to help profile web users, basing on usage characteristics (Rosscraig, 2007) (See Appendix [2-2]). Furthermore, according to Olney, Holbrook, and Batra (1991) and Holbrook and Gardners (1993), duration of use is critical measure of consumption experiences and is a useful behavioral indicator of advertising effects (See Appendix [2-3]). By following this method of segmenting, marketers can observe the behavior of consumers while utilising the products and media, and this segmentation can be used as an important source for new products ideas, new product design, and product development (Rosscraig, 2007). Additionally, marketers can then create appropriate communication themes for product promotion and can specify new markets for existing products after having the right behavioral segmentation. In recent years, behavioral segmentation has become more popular as marketers tend to study the consumers media usage and technology usage in order to further create successful advertising campaigns. To support this, it was asserted by Advertising.com(TM), Inc., a leading provider of results-based interactive marketing services to advertisers and publishers, (2004), that behavioral segmentation helped improve advertising campaign performance by revealing that targeting campaign delivery based on real-time user behaviour increases advertisers ROI by reaching the audience segments most likely to respond to an ad message. Moreover, Hallerman (2004), a senior analyst at e-Marketer, a New York-based research company, stated that the logic behind behavioural segmentation and targeting gets to the heart of the internets potential as an advertising medium. His opinion is hereby quoted: In todays world of audience fragmentation, its much more effective to reach individuals not by abstract demographics but through their actions online. 2.1.4 Segmentation in Male Grooming Products According to Mintel (1995), a study about mens toiletries industry, male grooming products and toiletries is a fast growing industry. In 1980s, the market of male grooming products started to be segmented with the development of products types, including male body spray and shower cream (Sturrock et al., 1998). According to Sturrock et al. (1998), in 1998, the market of mens products were divided into different categories of products based on consumers needs and uses, including body sprays, deodorants, mens shaving, fragrances, shampoo, shower cream, etc. Dunn (1995) and White (1995) studied characteristics of men who use male grooming products and concluded that men used grooming products as they want to increase self-care practice and self-concept. Moreover, Langer (1986) has prior stated that using mens grooming products helps encourage a concern to stay attractive. For consumer products, Milner and Fodness (1996) has done a research on product gender perception and concluded that specific gender of the products is critically important to the consumers when deciding to buy a particular product. In the segmentation process, Milner and Fodness (1996) claimed that gender is the first segmentation variable that most marketers apply for consumer products. The reason behind is that both men and women want to use the products that were specifically made for them. According to Milner and Fodness (1996), many consumers clearly are psychologically uncomfortable using products which do not seem made for them. Therefore, many companies, particularly manufacturers of consumer products, divided consumers into segments by using gender variables. In skin care industries, products are conventionally made for women. However, in the post modern era, a lot of skin care products are launched to serve male consumers (Sturrock et al., 1998). The products for male consumers are launched as a result of segmentation strategy which companies divide its consumer market into two broad categories, male and female markets. The benefit sought variable is also one of the best ways for companies to segment its market. This statement is supported by Kotler (1997) and Wedel and Kamakura (1998), stating that the real features of products have been considered the most actionable bases for segmentation. It is critically important that consumer products must offer real benefits to users to create product positioning (Blythe, 2005). In men face care market, companies and brands always divided consumers segments based on products features. For example, NIVEA FOR MEN offers wide ranges of facial cleansers with benefits of whitening, oil-control, wrinkle protection, refreshing skin, and moisturizing effects (Nivea Website, 2010). Loreal Men Expert offers benefits for facial cleansers which are whitening, anti-tightness, anti-fatigue, pure matte oil control, anti-regreasing (Loreal website, 2010). There are some researches showing that competitive brands have similar ways of segmentation (Dawes, 2006, and Fennell et al., 2003). In other words, competitive brands often appeal to consumers who have similar demographic or psychographic characteristics. Moreover, Ehrenberg et al. (2004) supported this statement by stating that different brands in the same product category tend to offer a similar range of product variants. 2.1.5 Loyalty Segmentation and Relationship Segmentation A focus on Loyalty segmentation provides strategic and tactic insights that will assist in building a strong brand (Aaker, 1996). It is necessary to build customer loyalty as it is a key success of growth for a business (Crosby et al., 2004). By having loyalty segmentation, a company can learn more about the profiles of loyal customers, and this leads to the focus at the highest value segment (Markey et al., 2007). Crosby et al. (2004) stated that the purpose of the loyalty-based segmentation is to seek to address the managerial questions as follows. Who are the most/least potential customers? How can customers be segmented according to the types of relationships they would like to have with the product/brand/company? Which loyalty segment should be targeted? What changes are required to instill the highest levels of loyalty among the targets? Crosby et al. (2004) affirm that loyalty-based segmentation is the complement of existing segmentation frameworks and it can also be used to discover new segmentation frameworks by starting with customer loyalty research. According to Aaker (1996), in focus of the loyalty segmentation, a market can be divided into the following groups. Non-customers: those who buy competitor brands or not product class users, Price switchers: those who are price sensitive, The passively loyal: those who buy out of habit rather than reasons, Fence sitters: those who are indifferent between two or more brands, and The committed: those who are committed to the brand, or a loyal customer. Loyalty segmentation can be very successful when the company can increase the number of customers who are not price switchers and who would pay more to use the brand while the fence sitter and the committed should be critically managed (Aaker, 1996). Especially in high competitive markets, companies should exercise best efforts to enhance the loyalty of the fence sitters and the committed by developing and strengthening the relationship between customers and the brand (Aaker, 1996 and Drypen, 2010). Research from Raaij and Verhallen (1994) indicates that the company should also segment its market by loyalty segmentation method. The results of the research shows that the company should move customers from the lowest level of loyalty pyramid which is overall total potential customers to the highest level which is the heavy buyers. The major marketing strategy is to increase the frequency and intensity of their purchases and to take measures to maintain customers for as long as possible (Raaij and Verhallen, 1994). This also highly relates to the relationship marketing which develop relationship between buyers and brand to stimulate purchasing. 2.2 MARKET TARGETING 2.2.1 Definition of Targeting The next step of the market segmentation in STP process is market targeting. It is the process of determining which segments should be targeted and made the focus of a comprehensive marketing programme. Moreover, in the process of market targeting, a group of customers are identified for whom the offering should be right, and to whom firms will direct the majority of its marketing resources, time, and attention (Cahill, 1997). Choosing the target market, before creating positioning and marketing mix, is a part of developing effective marketing strategy. In order to target the right group of customers, the firm has to study the needs and buying behaviours of customers in each segment. Then the firm will be able to develop marketing strategies that suit requirements of each segment. According to Cahill (1997), a target market is simply the market of submarket at which the firm aims its marketing messages. By specifying customer targets, the company will also know which segments are not the target groups so that the company will not make special effort to serve them. Cahill (1997) said that market targeting is essential because it forces the company to focus at the customers and the markets by determining the best fits between target customers and the product offerings. Kotler and Armstrong (2001) suggested that a firm make the decision how many and which segments to target in their market positioning and its decision should be based on a clear understanding of companys resources and capabilities, nature of the competition, and the characteristics of the market. The company should evaluate market segments by first collecting and analysing data on current segment sales, growth rates, and then determine which segment can constantly enable the company to receive the greatest opportunities in terms of profitability and market demands in order to target main customers. However, Wright (1996) denied statement of validity of market targeting by claiming that there was no logical reason to adopt target marketing. Wright and Esslemont (1994) studied the logical formulations of the target marketing argument and summarised that target marketing did not necessarily give the best overall market response and also does not constantly give superior return than other approaches such as mass marketing. The two main targeting strategies are suggested by Dibb (1997). They are concentration strategy, and multi-segment strategy. Concentration strategy is defined as a process that a company manages its marketing efforts towards a single target. When targeting to one single segment, a firm can better satisfy target customers needs and requirement. However, this strategy is not always effective and the company may face business failure if target customers demand for the products decline or shift to other segments Multi-segment strategy is described as a strategy that a company directs its market efforts towards two or more market targets. The company should then develop appropriate marketing mix to suit each type of target groups, by all together considering product diferrentiation, target price, distribution method, and promotional strategies. In brief, the step of the selection of the potential target market is very critical in creating and developing comprehensive marketing strategy. The robust competitive positioning will then be developed after the market targets are clearly identified and the requirements and motivations are fully examined. 2.2.3 Doing Targeting in Different Market Environment Marketers have to decide whether to target single segment or multiple segments in the product market; there are several factors affecting the managements targeting strategy decisions, including stage of maturity, industry structure, companys capabilities and resources, and opportunities for gaining competitive advantage (Cravens, and Piercy, 2009). The maturity is used as a basis for considering different targeting situations; the market target strategy will be varied in each market environment or stage of product-market maturity. Four different product-market stages, closely related to product life cycle (PLC) stages, include emerging product-market, growing product-market, mature product-market, and declining product-market. The strategists can use product life cycle model to analyse the maturity stage of the products and also industries in order to develop the strategies that should be implemented. Growing product-market Source: Spencer (2009) According to Cravens, and Piercy (2009), segments are likely to be found in the stage of growth in the product life cycle, as identifying customer segments with similar value requirements improves targeting. In growth stage of product life cycle, consumers tend to gain awareness of products and to understand the benefits of the product, and company will likely to expect a rapid sales growth and will also try to build brand loyalty and increase market share (Spencer, 2009). High growth markets is very attractive, therefore it can attract a lot of competitors who want to compete for market shares. Cravens, and Piercy (2009) revealed their finding about the market structure